New York Agreement
15 August 1962
AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA AND THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS
CONCENRNING WEST NEW GUINEA (WEST IRIAN)
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| Together Photo after Signatured Agreement in United Nation Building. |
The Republic of Indonesia and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Having in mind the interests and welfare of the poeple of the territory of West New Guinea (West IRian) hereinafter referred to as "the terriroty",
Desirous of settling their dispute regarding the territory,
Now, therefore, agree as follows:
Ratification of Agreement and Resoultion of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
Article I
After the present Agreement between Indonesia and the Netherlands has been signed and ratified by both Contradicting Parties, Indonesia and the Netherlands will jointly sponsor a draf resolution in the United Nations under the terms of which the General Assembly of the United Nations takes note of the present Agreement, acknowledges the role of conferred upon the Secretary General of the United Nations, therein, and authorizes him to carry out the tasks entrusted to him therein.
Transfer of Administration
Article II
After the adoption of the resolution referred to in Artcile I, the Netherlands will transfer administration of the territory to a United Nations Temporary Executive Authority (UNTEA) established by and under the jurisdiction of the Secretary-General upon the arrival of the United Nations administrator appointed in accordance with Article IV. The UNTEA will in turn transfer the administration to Indonesia accordance with Article XII.
United Nations Administration
Article III
In order to facilitate the transfer of administration to the UNTEA after the adoption of the resolution by the General-Secretary to send a representative to consult briefly with the Netherlands Governor of the territory prior to the latter's departure. The Netherlands Governor will depart prior to the arrival of the United Nationsl Administrator.
Article IV
A United Nations Administrator, acceptable to Indonesia and the Netherlands, will be appointed by the Secretary-General.
Article V
The United Nations Administrator, as chief executive office of the UNTEA, will have full authority under the direction of the Secretary-General to administer the territory for the period of the UNTEA administration in accordance with the terms of the present Agreement.
Article VI
1. The United Nations flag will be flown during the period of the United Nations Administration.
2. With regard to the flying of the Indonesian and Netherlands flag, it is agreed that this matter will be determined by agreement between the Secretary-General and respective governments.
2. With regard to the flying of the Indonesian and Netherlands flag, it is agreed that this matter will be determined by agreement between the Secretary-General and respective governments.
Article VII
The Secretary-General will provide UNTEA with such security forces as the United Nations Administrator deems necessary; such forces will primarily supplement existing Papuan police in the task of maintaining law and order. The Papuan Volunteer Corps, which on the arrival of the United Nations Administrator will cease on the arrival of United Nations Administrator will cease being part of the Netherlands armed forces, and the Indonesian armed forces in the territory will be under the authority, and at the disposal of, the Secretary-General for the same purpose.
The United Nations Administrator will, to the extent feasible, use the Papuan police as the United Nations security force to maintain law and order, and, at his discretion, use Indonesian armed forces. The Netherlands armed forces will be repatriated as rapidly as possible and while still in the territory will be under the authority of the UNTEA.
The United Nations Administrator will, to the extent feasible, use the Papuan police as the United Nations security force to maintain law and order, and, at his discretion, use Indonesian armed forces. The Netherlands armed forces will be repatriated as rapidly as possible and while still in the territory will be under the authority of the UNTEA.
Article VIII
The United Nations Administrator will send periodic reports to the Secretary-General on the principla aspects of the implementation of the present Agreement. The Secretary-General will submit full reports to Indonesia and the Netherlands and may submit, at his discertion, reports to the General Assembly or to all United Nations Members.
First Phase of the UNTEA Administration
Article IX
The United Nations Administration will replace as rapidly as possible top Netherlands officials as defined in Annex A with non-Netherlands, non-Indonesian officials during the first phase of the UNTEA administration wcich will be completed on 1 May 1963. The United Nations Administrator will be authorized to employ on a temporary basis all Netherlands officials other than top Netherlands officials defined in Annex A, who wish to serve Secretary-General may specify. As many Papuans as possible will be brought into administrative and technical positions. To fill the remaining required posts, the UNTEA will have authority to employ personnel provided by Indonesia. Salary rates in the territory will be maintained.
Article X
Immediately after the transfer of the administration to the UNTEA, the UNTEA will widely publicize and explain the terms of the present Agreement, and will inform the population concerning the transfer of Administration to Indonesia and the provisions for the act fo self-determination as set out in the present Agreement.
Article XI
To the extend that they are consistent with the letter and spirit of the present Agreement, existing laws and regulations will remain in effect. The UNTEA will have the power to promulgate framework of the present Agreement. The representative councils will be consulted priot to the issuance of new laws and regulations or the amendment of existing laws.
Second Phase
Article XII
Article XII
The United Nations Administrator will have discertion to transfer all or part of the administration to Indonesia at any time after the first phase of the UNTEA administration. The UNTEA's authority will cease at the moment of the transfer of full administrative control of Indonesia.
Indonesian Administration and Self-Determination
Article XIV
Article XIV
After the transfer of full administrative responsibility to Indonesia, Indonesia national laws and regulations will in principle be applicable in the territory, it being understood that they be consistent with the rights and freedom guaranteed to the inhabitants under the terms of the present Agreement. New laws and regulatoins or amendments to the existing ones can be enacted within the spirit of the present Agreement. The representative councils will be consulted as appropriate.
Article XV
After the transfer of full administrative responsibility to Indonesia, the primary task of Indonesia will be further intensification of the education of the people, of the combatting illiteracy, and of the advancement of their social, cultural and economic development. Efforts will be made in accordance with present Indonesian practice to accelerate the participation of the people in local government through periodic elections. Any respects relationg to the act of free choice will be governed by the terms of this Agreement.
Article XVI
At the same time of transfer of full administrative responsiblity to Indonesia a number of United Nations experts, as deemed adequate by the Secretary-General after consultation with Indonesia, will be designated to remain wherever their duties require their presence. Their duties will, prior to the arrival of the United Nations Representative, who will participate at the appropriate time in the arrangements for self-determination, be limited to advising on and assisting in preparation for carrying out the provisions for self-determination except in so far as Indoneisa and the Secretary-General may agree upon their performing other expect functions. They will be responsible to the Secretary-General for the carrying out of their duties.
Article XVII
Indonesia will invite Secretary-General to appoint a Representative who, together with a staff made up, inter-alia of experts referred to in Article XVI, will carry out Secretary-General's responsibilities to advise, assist, and participate in arragements which are the responsibility of Indonesia for the act of free choice. The Secretary-General will, at the proper time, appoint the United Nations Representative in order that he and his staff may use assume their duties in the terrirory one year prior to the self-determination. Such additional staff as the United Nations Represetnative might feel necessary will be determined by the Secretary-General after consultations with Indonesia. The United Nations Representative and his staff will have the same freedom of movement as provided for the personnel referred to in Article XVI.
Article XVIII
Indonesia will make arrangements, with assistance and participatoin of the United Nations Representative and his staff, to give the people of the territory, the opportunity to exercise freedom of choice. Such arrangements will include:
a. Consultation (musyawarah) with the representative councils on procedures and methods to be followed for ascertaining the freely expressed will of the population.
b. The determination of the actual date of the exercise of free choice within the period established by the present Agreement.
c. Formulations of the questions in such a way as to permit the inhibitans to decide (a) whether they wish to remain with Indonesia; or (b) whether they wish to sever ties with Indonesia.
d. The eligibility of all adults, male and female, not foreign natoinsl to participate in the act of self-determination to be carried out in accordance with international practice, who are residents at the time of the signing of the present Agreement, including those residents who departed after 1945 and who returned to the territory to resume residence after the termination of Netherlands administration.
a. Consultation (musyawarah) with the representative councils on procedures and methods to be followed for ascertaining the freely expressed will of the population.
b. The determination of the actual date of the exercise of free choice within the period established by the present Agreement.
c. Formulations of the questions in such a way as to permit the inhibitans to decide (a) whether they wish to remain with Indonesia; or (b) whether they wish to sever ties with Indonesia.
d. The eligibility of all adults, male and female, not foreign natoinsl to participate in the act of self-determination to be carried out in accordance with international practice, who are residents at the time of the signing of the present Agreement, including those residents who departed after 1945 and who returned to the territory to resume residence after the termination of Netherlands administration.
Article XIX
The United Nations Representative will report to the Secretary-General on the arrangements arriced at for freedom of choice.
Article XX
The act of self-determinatoin will be completed before the end of 1969.
Article XXI
1.After the exercise of the right of self-determination, Indonesia and the United Nations Representative will submit final reports to the Secretary-General who will report t the General Assembly on the conduct of the act of self-determination and the results thereof.
2.The parties to the present Agreement will recognizer and abide by the results of the act of self-determination.
2.The parties to the present Agreement will recognizer and abide by the results of the act of self-determination.
Rights of the Inhabitants
Article XXII
Article XXII
1.The UNTEA and Indonesia will guarantee fully the rights, including the rights of free speech, freedom of movement and of assembly of the inhabitants of the area. These rights will include the existing rights of the inhabitants of the terriroty at the time of the transfer of administration to the UNTEA.
2.The UNTEA will take over existing Netherlands commitments in respect of consessions and property rights.
3.After Indonesia has taken over the administration it will honor those communities which are not inconsistent with the interests and economic development of the people of the territory. A joint Indonesian-Netherlands commission will be set up after the transfer of administration to Indonesia to study the nature of the above-mentioned concessions and property rights.
4.During the period of the UNTEA administration there will be freedom of movements for civiliasn of Indonesia and Netherlands nationalities to and from the territory.
2.The UNTEA will take over existing Netherlands commitments in respect of consessions and property rights.
3.After Indonesia has taken over the administration it will honor those communities which are not inconsistent with the interests and economic development of the people of the territory. A joint Indonesian-Netherlands commission will be set up after the transfer of administration to Indonesia to study the nature of the above-mentioned concessions and property rights.
4.During the period of the UNTEA administration there will be freedom of movements for civiliasn of Indonesia and Netherlands nationalities to and from the territory.
Article XXIII
Vacancies in the rerpresentative councils caused by the departure of Netherlands antionals or for other reasons, will be filled as appropriate consistent with the existing legislation by elections, or by appointment by the UNTEA. The representative councils will be consulted prior to the appointment of new representative.
Financial Matters
Article XXIV
Article XXIV
1.Deficit in the budget of the territory during the UNTEA administration will be shared equally by Indonesia and the Netherlands.
2.Indonesia and the Netherlands will be consulted by the Secretary-General in the preparation of the UNTEA budget and other financial matters relating to the United Nations responsibilities under the present Agreement; however the Secretary-General will have th final decision.
3.The Parties to the present Agreement will reimburse the Secretary-General for all costs incurred by the United Nations under the present Agreement and will make available suitable funds in advance for the discharge of the Secretar-General's responsibilities. The Parties to the present Agreement will share on an equal basis the cotss of such reimbursements and advances.
2.Indonesia and the Netherlands will be consulted by the Secretary-General in the preparation of the UNTEA budget and other financial matters relating to the United Nations responsibilities under the present Agreement; however the Secretary-General will have th final decision.
3.The Parties to the present Agreement will reimburse the Secretary-General for all costs incurred by the United Nations under the present Agreement and will make available suitable funds in advance for the discharge of the Secretar-General's responsibilities. The Parties to the present Agreement will share on an equal basis the cotss of such reimbursements and advances.
Previous Treaties and Agreements
Article XXV
Article XXV
The present Agreement will take precendence over any previous agreement on the territory. Previous treaties and agreements regarding the territory may therefore be terminate or adjusted as necessary to conform to the terms of the present Agreement.
Priviledges and Immunities
Article XXVI
Article XXVI
For the purposes of the present Agreement, Indonesia and the Netherlands will apply to the United Nations property, funds, assets, and officials to provisions of the Convention on the Priviledges and Immunities of the United Nations.
In particular, the United Nations Administrator, appointed pursuant to Article IV, and the United Nations Representative, appointed pursuant to Article XVII, will enjoy priviledges and immunities specified in Section 19 of the Convention on the Priviledges and Immunities of the United nations.
In particular, the United Nations Administrator, appointed pursuant to Article IV, and the United Nations Representative, appointed pursuant to Article XVII, will enjoy priviledges and immunities specified in Section 19 of the Convention on the Priviledges and Immunities of the United nations.
Ratification
Article XXVII
Article XXVII
1. The present Agreement will be ratified in accordance with the constitutional procedures of the Contracting Parties.
2. The instruments of ratification will be exchanged as soon as possible at the Headquarters of the United Nations by the accredited representatives of the Contracting Parties.
3. The Secretary-General will draw up a process-verbal of the exchange of the instruments of ratification and will furnish a certified copy thereof to each Contracting Party.
2. The instruments of ratification will be exchanged as soon as possible at the Headquarters of the United Nations by the accredited representatives of the Contracting Parties.
3. The Secretary-General will draw up a process-verbal of the exchange of the instruments of ratification and will furnish a certified copy thereof to each Contracting Party.
Entry into Force
Article XXVIII
Article XXVIII
1.The present Agreement will enter into force upon the date of the adoption by the General Assembly of the resolution referred to in Article I of the present Agreement.
2.Upon the entry into force of the present Agreement, the Secretary-General of the United Nations will register it in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter.
2.Upon the entry into force of the present Agreement, the Secretary-General of the United Nations will register it in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter.
Authentic Text
Article XXIX
Article XXIX
The authentic text of the present Agreement is drawn up in English language. Translations in the Indonesian and Netherlands langauge will be exchanged between the Contracting Parties.
In Witness thereof the udnersigned plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized for that purpose by their respective Governments, have signed the present Agreement.
Done at the Headquarters of the United Nations, New York, on this fiften day of August 1962, in three identical copies, of which one shall be deposited with the Secretary-General and one shall be furnished to the Government of each of the Contracting Parties.
In Witness thereof the udnersigned plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized for that purpose by their respective Governments, have signed the present Agreement.
Done at the Headquarters of the United Nations, New York, on this fiften day of August 1962, in three identical copies, of which one shall be deposited with the Secretary-General and one shall be furnished to the Government of each of the Contracting Parties.
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| Signed, | | Signed, |
| Subandrio, for the Republic of Indonesia | | J. Herman van Roijen, for the Kingdom of the Netherlands |
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,
Signed,
C.W.A. Schurmann
for the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
for the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
1.Dasawarsa 1990-an hingga awal tahun 2000-an Persiwa lebih banyak menghabiskan waktunya di kompetisi Divisi II Liga Indonesia. Puncaknya adalah ketika tahun 2004/2005 tim yang juga dijuluki 'the Highlander' ini berhasil promosi ke Divisi Utama.
2.Sedangkan saudara tua mereka Persipura sudah mulai berpentas semenjak awal Liga Indonesia mulai di awal tahun 90an,yang mana sudah meraih 3 gelar Liga Indonesia.
3.Sejak dimulainya Liga Indonesia di awal thn 1990,tercatat Pertemuan kedua tim asal Papua ini sebanyak 14 kali bertemu dimulai Sejak 2006 silam
4.Persipura berhasil menang sebanyak 5 kali, Persiwa berhasil menang sebanyak 4 kali, dan 5 kali berkesudahan seri.
5.Tercatat Persiwa pernah menang di Mandala sebanyak 2 kali di tahun 2006 skor 0-1 dan di tahun 2007 skor 0-2 dan menahan Imbang Persipura di Mandala sebanyak 3 kali.
6.Pertemuan terakhir Persipura dan Persiwa adalah di IIC 2012,yg mana Persipura berhasil memenangkan pertandingan yg berkesudahan 3-0 di Kanjuruhan Malang.
7.Skor kemenangan terbesar Persipura atas Persiwa adalah 3-0 ketika mereka bertemu di IIC 2012 kemarin,sedangkan kekalahan terbesar atas Persiwa adalah kalah dengan skor 0-2 di tahun 2007.
8.Sedangkan Pertemuan terakhir mereka di pentas Liga Indonesia,Persipura berhasil memenangkan laga di stadion Pendidikan Wamena dengan skor 0-1.
10.Untuk musim ini bermain di Mandala,ada 800 Personil Back Up Derby Persipura vs Persiwa sedangkan musim lalu sebanyak 850 Personil.
11.Derby musim akan terlihat lebih panas dari sebelumnya di karenakan kebetulan laga ini masuk dalam tahapan pengamanan Pilgub,yang bisa mengalami gangguan-gangguan Kamtibmas dari beberapa Provokator.Karna sebelum2nya sering terjadi insiden kecil diantara kedua kubu supporter apabila terjadi Derby di Mandala.
12.Musim ini Tribun Liverpool yang mana adalah Tribun khusus untuk Persipuramania adalah di Khususkan untuk Persipuramania saja,yang mana pada musim sebelumnya apabila terjadi Derby Papua di Mandala,Persipuramania selalu terusir dari suporter tim Persiwa Wamena yang tergabung dalam garis keras Wamena Fanatic Extreme Suporter (Wafxter Mania), dan sebagainya, selalu menguasai tribun Liverpool tersebut.
13.Musim lalu di Indonesia Super League (ISL) 2012, Persipura berhasil finish di posisi ke-2 klasmen sedangkan Persiwa berhasil finish di posisi ke-3 klasmen akhir.
Sumber: PM
SEJARAH TANAH PAPUA DAN TIMUR LESTE ADALAH SAMA, NEGARA MERDEKA YANG SUDA DI DAFTAR OLEH BELANDA DAN PORTUGIS DI AGENDA PBB DALAM MASA YANG BERBEDA.
HANYA SAJA PAPUA SEBELUM MENGADAKAN NEW YORK AGREEMENT 15 AGUSTUS 1962, SETELAH KONTRES PERTAMA 1961 BELANDA TELAH DI DAFTARKAN DRAF KENEGARAAN BANGSA PAPUA BARAT DI AGENDA PBB, TETAPI DRAF KENEGARAAN BANGSA PAPUA BARAT TESEBUT DI GANTIKAN DENGAN DRAF NASIB BANGSA PAPUA OLEH AMERIKA DAN PBB DEMI KEPENTINGAN KEKAYAAN ALAM PAPUA.
SETELAH BERHASIL DI GANTI DRAF TERSEBUT, PRESIDEN SUKARNO MENYERAHKAN GUNUNG EMAS DI PAPUA SEBAGAI KADO KEPADA AMERIKA DAN PBB.
NEW YORK AGREEMENT ADALAH SEBUAH PERJANJIAN ANTARA PBB, AMERIKA, DAN BELANDA UNTUK MENYERAHKAN PAPUA MELALUI UNTEA KEPADA INDONESIA.
SEBELUM 2 TAHUN INDONESIA DI NYATAKAN SAH KNRI AMERIKA DAN INDONESIA MENGADAKAN KONTRAK KERJA PT FI AWAL. INTINYA PAPUA DAN TIMUR LESTE ADALAH SAMA, NEGARA MERDEKA , MUNGKIN HANYA ZAMAN SAJA YANG BEDA.
KINI DUNIA MASIH MENGAKUI DENGAN DRAF NASIB BANGSA PAPUA YANG PERNAH DI GANTIKAN OLEH AMERIKA DAN PBB DENGAN DRAF KENEGARAAN ITU.
SAAT INI KITA ORANG PAPUA PUNYA TUGAS MENJELASKAN SEJARAH BANGSA PAPUA KEPADA SIAPA SAJA, JANGAN SIFATNYA MEMBENARKAN DRAF NASIB HIDUP BANGSA PAPUA YANG PERNAH DI GANTIKAN OLEH AMERIKA DAN PBB SEBELUM NEW YORK AGREEMENT ITU, TAPI JELASKANLAH SEJARAH BANGSA PAPUA YANG BENAR PADA SIAPA SAJA, AGAR MEREKA PUN MEGETAHUI SEJARAH KEMERDEKAAN BANGSA PAPUA SECARA UTUH. (VOT/Piche)
(MAT JUANG UNTUK BANGSA PAPUA)
MERDEKA....
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| Kondisi gletser di Puncak Jaya diambil dari Citra Landsath. Foto di ujung kiri merupakan kondisi di tahun 1990 yang memperlihatkan lima gletser. Seiring foto yang berderet ke kanan, jumlah itu makin menyusut hingga foto di ujung kanan pada tahun 2010. Hanya tiga gletser dengan kondisi mengenaskan yang tersisa. (Warsono/NGI) |
Pemanasan global mulai memperlihatkan dampaknya pada penghuni Bumi. Bukti keberadaannya kali ini dirasakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia dengan foto dari satelit NASA mengenai kondisi es di Puncak Jaya, Papua.
Imaji satelit yang dirilis pekan lalu oleh NASA menunjukkan hilangnya gletser di Puncak Jaya yang merupakan bagian dari Barisan Sudirman. Puncak Jaya memiliki nama lain Carstenz Pyramid, warga lokal menyebutnya Ndugu-Ndugu.
Foto diambil menggunakan Thematic Mapper (TM) di Landsat 4 dan 5. Di ketinggian 4.884 meter, foto satelit NASA membandingkan kondisi gletser di tahun 1989 dan 2009. Tahun 1989, ada lima gletser di Puncak Jaya. Namun, 20 tahun kemudian, tepatnya pada 2009, dua dari lima gletser itu hilang sama sekali. Sedangkan sisa tiga gletser lainnya berkurang secara drastis.
Menurut Ardheshir Yaftebbi, salah satu pendaki dalam ekspedisi 7 Summits yang mencapai puncak Carstenz Pyramid -puncak tertinggi di komplek Pegunungan Jayawijaya- pada April 2010, ia dan timnya menjadi saksi penyusutan es.
"Saat itu kita melihat salju (di sekitar Carstenz Pyramid) hanya tinggal dua kilometer persegi. Di tahun 1930, salju itu mencapai 20 kilometer persegi," kata Ardhesir saat berbincang dengan National Geographic Indonesia, Rabu (5/9).
Ditambahkannya hal ini sangat menyedihkan karena Puncak Jaya merupakan satu-satunya lokasi di Indonesia yang memiliki es. "Jayawijaya disebut sebagai es abadi, tapi ternyata diprediksi tidak akan ada salju lagi pada lima hingga sepuluh tahun mendatang," ujar Ardeshir yang juga Ketua Tim Ekspedisi 7 Summits yang dimulai tahun 2010 dan berakhir pada Juni 2012.
Carstenz Pyramid masuk sebagai tujuh puncak tertinggi di dunia. Bersama dengan Gunung Kilimanjaro (Tanzania, Afrika), Elbrus (Eropa), Aconcagua (Amerika Selatan), Denali (Amerika Utara), Vinson Massif (Antartika), dan Everest (Nepal, Asia).
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| Gambar: Voice Of Tigidoo |
Dengan kondisi suhu Bumi saat ini, NASA memprediksi seluruh gletser di Papua akan musnah pada 20 mendatang. Para peneliti juga sudah menyebutkan, hal ini terjadi karena berbagai faktor. Seperti perubahan suhu, kelembapan, hujan, dan pergerakan awan. Kondisi iklim dan penggundulan hutan juga turut berpartisipasi.
"Ini bukan peringatan pertama dan bukan hanya terjadi di negara kita. Es di Antartika juga mencair dan berada pada titik terendah," kata Direktur Program Iklim dan Energi WWF Nyoman Iswarayoga.
Untuk mencegah perubahan iklim lebih lanjut bisa dilakukan beberapa hal, baik secara kolektif maupun individu. Kolektif bisa berwujud gerakan masyarakat yang diwadahi pemerintah. Sedangkan gerakan individu dimulai dengan perubahan gaya hidup yang lebih "hijau.
Sumber: http://sains.kompas.com
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| (Gambar : Dok Voice Of Tgidoo) |
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